Industry

The industry, from the inside

The corporate genealogies of networking and security: who founded each company, what they built, who bought whom, and where every bloodline ended up. Written from primary sources - SEC filings, inquiry reports, and the trade press of each era.

Before any of these companies: the milestones they were built on →

vendor214distributor16reseller52services120carrier9data centre8training37standards20
1. 18471847 - presentOrigin:DE (Germany)Siemens - the 1847 telegraph startupVendorServicesWerner von Siemens built the Indo-European telegraph line; the conglomerate's communications bloodline runs through EWSD, the Nokia JV, and Unify.
2. 18651865 - presentOrigin:FI (Finland)Nokia - from paper mill to network giantVendorA 160-year arc: rubber boots to world phone leader to one of the three companies that build the world's mobile networks.
3. 18751875 - presentFounding year:Shibaura SeisakushoOrigin:JP (Japan)Toshiba - the company that gave the world flashVendorFujio Masuoka invented NOR and then NAND flash at Toshiba in the 1980s - every SSD, phone, and memory card descends from it; the T1100 started the laptop era.
4. 18761876 - presentOrigin:SE (Sweden)Ericsson - 150 years of telephonyVendorFrom an 1876 Stockholm telegraph workshop to the AXE switch, GSM, Bluetooth, and today's 5G triumvirate.
5. 18861986 - presentStory begins:1886, BurroughsOrigin:US (United States)Unisys - computing's oldest bloodlinesVendorServicesBurroughs (1886) plus Sperry's UNIVAC - the ENIAC creators' company - merged in 1986: the deepest lineage in this section, still running ClearPath descendants today.
6. 18871887 - presentFounding year:Electrical Factory N.V., part of Groeneveld, Van der Pol & CoOrigin:NL (Netherlands)GetronicsServicesVendorA Dutch electrical firm from the 1880s that ended up owning what was left of Wang Laboratories.
7. 18951895 - presentFounding year:Northern Electric and ManufacturingOrigin:CA (Canada)Nortel & Bay Networks - the giant that vanishedVendorFrom 1895 Montreal to a third of Canada's stock index to the largest bankruptcy in Canadian history - and the $4.5B patent auction that ended it.
8. 18971897 - presentFounding year:the Wireless Telegraph & Signal CompanyOrigin:GB (United Kingdom)Marconi - wireless itself, then the bubbleVendorCarrierGuglielmo Marconi bridged the Atlantic in 1901; a century later the company bearing his name became telecom's starkest dot-com cautionary tale, carved up by Ericsson in 2006.
9. 18981898 - presentFounding year:Compagnie Générale d'Électricité (Alcatel's root)Origin:US (United States)Bell Labs, Lucent & Alcatel - the transistor's bloodlineVendorStandardsThe transistor, information theory, Unix, the laser, cellular - ten Nobel Prizes of foundations, spun into Lucent in 1996, merged with Alcatel in 2006, carried into Nokia in 2016.
10. 18991899 - presentFounding year:Nippon Electric Company, LimitedOrigin:JP (Japan)NEC - Japan's first joint ventureVendorServicesFounded 1899 with Western Electric capital; NEAX switched the world's calls, the PC-98 owned Japan's PC market, and the C&C vision named the convergence everyone now lives in.
11. 19011901 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NBS / NIST - the measurement laboratory that tested the standardsStandardsSomebody has to decide whether two implementations of a specification actually interoperate, and it is not usually the people who wrote it.
12. 19061906 - presentOrigin:US (United States)HoneywellVendorA thermostat company that became a mainframe company and then went back to controlling physical things.
13. 19061906 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Xerox - the company that fumbled the futureVendorStandardsXerography built the empire; PARC invented Ethernet, the GUI, and laser printing - and networking's history runs through that lab.
14. 19101910 - presentOrigin:JP (Japan)Hitachi - the industrial giant that stores the worldVendorServicesFrom a mine's five-horsepower motor in 1910 to VSP arrays, HGST drives, and Britain's express trains - the conglomerate whose storage lineage runs through every SAN.
15. 19111911 - presentFounding year:Computing-Tabulating-Recording CompanyOrigin:US (United States)IBM - the century companyVendorServicesPunched cards to System/360 to the PC to Red Hat: the company the rest of the industry defined itself against.
16. 19211921 - presentOrigin:IT (Italy)Italtel - a century of somebody else's telephone networkVendorServicesFounded as a Siemens branch in 1921, and still building networks a hundred years later under different owners.
17. 19281928 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Motorola - the radio centuryVendorCar radios to the walkie-talkie to the first handheld cell call and the moon itself; split in 2011 into Solutions and a Mobility arm that passed through Google to Lenovo.
18. 19301930 - presentFounding year:Geophysical Service IncorporatedOrigin:US (United States)Texas Instruments - where the integrated circuit was demonstratedVendorSemiconductor company whose employee demonstrated the first integrated circuit in 1958.
19. 19311931 - presentOrigin:FR (France)Bull - Europe's computing championVendorServicesPunch-card wars against IBM in the 1930s, the prophetic Gamma 60, nationalization and privatization - and a final act building Europe's first exascale supercomputer.
20. 19341934 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)USP - where a lot of this startedWorked with directlyStandardsServicesBrazilian public university whose computing departments seeded the industry around it.
21. 19351935 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Arrow ElectronicsDistributorStarted on Radio Row selling used radios; lost thirteen of its leaders in one afternoon and rebuilt.
22. 19351935 - presentFounding year:Fuji Telecommunications Equipment ManufacturingOrigin:JP (Japan)Fujitsu - Japan's computing standard-bearerVendorServicesBorn from a 1935 Fuji Electric spin-off (itself a Furukawa-Siemens venture), Fujitsu fought IBM with Amdahl, absorbed ICL, and built the K and Fugaku supercomputers.
23. 19391939 - 2015Origin:US (United States)Hewlett-Packard - the garage, the HP 9000 and the splitVendorFounded in a Palo Alto garage in 1939; built the HP 9000 and HP-UX, OpenView and the LaserJet; merged with Compaq in 2002 and split in two in 2015.Split on 1 November 2015: the enterprise products and services business was spun off as Hewlett Packard Enterprise, and the personal computer and printer businesses became HP Inc. HP-UX, which ran the HP 9000 and Integrity lines, reached the end of support on 31 December 2025.
24. 19391939 - presentFounding year:Hewlett-PackardOrigin:US (United States)HPE Networking - HP, 3Com, Aruba, JuniperVendorThe great consolidation: from the Addison Avenue garage to the $14B Juniper merger.
25. 19481948 - presentOrigin:US (United States)BBN - the contractor that built the first networkServicesStandardsA research firm won the ARPANET contract, and the packet switch became a product because somebody had to manufacture it.
26. 19481948 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Fluke - the meters and certifiers in every field bagVendorThe 87 multimeter and the DSX CableAnalyzer - and a 2015 three-way split (Fortive, NetScout, NetAlly) worth knowing cold.
27. 19481948 - presentOrigin:US (United States)RAND Corporation - where packet switching was imaginedStandardsPaul Baran's 1964 'On Distributed Communications' argued a network with no center could survive anything - AT&T declined to build it; the internet did.
28. 19511951 - 1999Origin:US (United States)Wang Laboratories - the office before the PCVendorAn Wang's core-memory patents funded a word-processing empire that owned the office of the late 1970s - and the PC unmade it inside a decade.Acquired by Getronics of the Netherlands in 1999. Getronics North America passed to KPN in 2007 and CompuCom in 2008.
29. 19521952 - presentCrypto AG - when the vendor was the adversaryVendorThe limiting case for every supply-chain argument: the intelligence services did not plant a backdoor, they owned the company.
30. 19521952 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Elgin - the point of sale, and everything attached to itVendorBrazilian manufacturer of commercial-automation equipment; recorded as the owner of Bematech.
31. 19531953 - presentPetrobras - the network that follows the oilWorked with directlyServicesState oil company created in 1953, and one of the largest private networks in the country.
32. 19541954 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Algar Telecom - the operator the state never tookCarrierBrazilian carrier founded 1954 as CTBC in Uberlandia, and the only one to stay private through nationalisation.
33. 19571957 - presentOrigin:US (United States)AnixterDistributorA distributor wrote the specification that became Cat 5 and Cat 6.
34. 19571957 - 1998Origin:US (United States)Digital Equipment Corporation - the minicomputer kingVendorKen Olsen's PDP and VAX machines defined two decades of computing; DEC co-authored Ethernet and ended inside Compaq in 1998.Acquired by Compaq in June 1998, then the largest merger in the history of the computer industry; Compaq was itself bought by Hewlett-Packard in May 2002. VMS outlived both owners: OpenVMS has been developed and supported by VMS Software Inc. since 2014 and now runs on x86-64.
35. 19581958 - presentOrigin:US (United States)MITRE - the not-for-profit that sits between buyer and vendorServicesStandardsAn organisation with no product to sell, advising the customer who is buying everybody else's.
36. 19601960 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Promon and LogicalisWorked with directlyServicesResellerAn engineering firm owned entirely by the people who work there, in a joint venture with a South African holding company's British subsidiary.
37. 19611976 - 2026Story begins:1961, Comm/Scope, a division of Superior ContinentalOrigin:US (United States)CommScope - the cable house that bought Bell Labs' structured-cabling brand, and sold it againWorked with directlyVendorCoaxial cable from Hickory, North Carolina, the SYSTIMAX structured-cabling brand bought from Avaya in 2004, and a 10.5 billion dollar sale to Amphenol in 2026.sold its Connectivity and Cable Solutions business, SYSTIMAX and the CommScope name included, to Amphenol on 12 January 2026; the listed parent became Vistance Networks on 14 January 2026
38. 19621962 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Codex - modems, and the mathematics underneath themVendorA company whose product was signal processing sold as a box, in the window a regulator had just opened.
39. 19621962 - 2008Origin:US (United States)Electronic Data Systems (EDS)ServicesInvented the idea that a company could hand its computing to somebody else entirely.Acquired by Hewlett-Packard for nearly $14B, completed August 2008, and folded into HP Enterprise Services.
40. 19621962 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Unicamp - the other half of the São Paulo pipelineWorked with directlyStandardsServicesPublic university at the centre of a regional technology cluster.
41. 19641964 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Serpro - the federal government's data processingWorked with directlyServicesData centreRuns the systems a Brazilian citizen cannot opt out of.
42. 19651965 - presentFounding year:Liebert (Vertiv's physical-layer root)Origin:BR (Brazil)Cyclades, Avocent & Vertiv - the physical layer of uptimeVendorA Brazilian-founded console-server pioneer, the KVM leaders, and Liebert's computer-room weather - consolidated into the company whose product is uptime itself.
43. 19671967 - presentOrigin:FR (France)Capgemini - and the Brazilian services business it absorbedServicesFrench IT services multinational; acquirer of the Brazilian firm TI Braxis.
44. 19681968 - 1999Origin:US (United States)Data General - the soul of a new machineVendorEdson de Castro left DEC to build the Nova; Tracy Kidder's Pulitzer immortalized the Eagle; CLARiiON storage carried the DNA into EMC in 1999.Purchased by EMC in 1999, largely for its CLARiiON storage array line.
45. 19681968 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Intel - the processor in the control planeVendorFounded 1968 by Moore and Noyce; the x86 architecture, the first microprocessor, and the network interface everyone drives.
46. 19681968 - presentFounding year:IntelOrigin:US (United States)Intel & AMD - Fairchild's children: the x86 rivalryVendorThe 4004, Moore's Law, and the second source that wrote AMD64 - one entry, because neither story parses without the other.
47. 19681968 - presentFounding year:Central Telephone and Electronics Corporation (Century Telephone Enterprises from 1971)Origin:US (United States)Lumen, CenturyLink, Level 3 and Global CrossingCarrierA rural Louisiana phone company that ended up owning one of the internet's largest backbones.
48. 19691969 - presentOrigin:US (United States)AMD - the company that bought its way into the networkVendorFounded 1969; acquired Xilinx and Pensando in 2022 to reach the network adapter and the data processing unit.
49. 19691969 - presentEmbraer - the state built an aerospace company and then sold itWorked with directlyServicesFounded 1969 as a national champion, privatised 1994, third largest producer of civil aircraft.
50. 19691969 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Paradyne - the last miles of the analogue eraVendorSqueezing usable data rates out of the copper that was already in the ground.
51. 19691969 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Prodesp - the state of Sao Paulo, computedWorked with directlyServicesData centreCreated in 1969 with two staff and no equipment; now runs the state's network and data centre.
52. 19701970 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Fatec - the technologist degree, and who it is forTrainingState technology faculties offering short applied degrees rather than full engineering courses.
53. 19711971 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Hughes - the network where latency is a law of physicsCarrierVendorGeostationary satellite: about a quarter of a second each way, and nothing will fix it.
54. 19711971 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Prodam - the city of Sao Paulo, computedWorked with directlyServicesData centreMunicipal ICT company created in 1971, serving a city of more than twelve million people.
55. 19721972 - presentOrigin:FR (France)CYCLADES (IRIA, France)StandardsWhere the datagram was born.
56. 19721972 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Proteon - token ring, and the road not takenVendorA serious alternative to Ethernet, built by people who thought deterministic access mattered more than simplicity.
57. 19721972 - presentOrigin:DE (Germany)SAP - five engineers against the mainframeVendorEx-IBM founders built the ERP category in 1972; R/3 conquered the client-server world and HANA reinvented the core.
58. 19721972 - 1998Origin:BR (Brazil)The Telebrás System (Telebrás, Telesp, Embratel)CarrierStandardsNine hundred telephone companies became one, then twelve, then a handful owned elsewhere.The system was privatised on 29 July 1998 and split into twelve regional holdings. Telebrás itself was reactivated in 2010 with a different mandate.
59. 19741974 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Cobra - the computer the country built, and the operating system it was told to stopVendorComputadores e Sistemas Brasileiros, founded 1974; now BB Tecnologia e Servicos.
60. 19741974 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Dataprev - social security as a computing problemServicesData centreFormed from the merged data centres of the social security institutes, and still holding the record of who is owed what.
61. 19741974 - presentOrigin:CLSonda - the largest technology company in Latin America is ChileanServicesResellerChilean IT services multinational founded 1974, which became the largest provider in Brazil by buying thirteen companies.
62. 19741974 - 1997Origin:US (United States)Tandem Computers - the machine that never stopsVendorJimmy Treybig's NonStop architecture made fault tolerance a product in 1976; it still runs stock exchanges and card networks today, as HPE NonStop.Acquired by Compaq in 1997 for $3B, and with Compaq into HP in 2002. The NonStop line survives as an HPE division, so the technology outlived the company by decades.
63. 19741974 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Tech Data and SYNNEX (now TD SYNNEX)Worked with directlyDistributorA father sold it to his son for ten thousand dollars; it is now the largest technology distributor in the world.
64. 19741974 - 1992Origin:BR (Brazil)The Brazilian market reserve (Cobra, Scopus, Itautec)VendorStandardsA policy that failed at its stated goal and succeeded at one nobody wrote down.The Informatics Law had a fixed eight-year term written into it from the start and expired in 1992. The companies survived by changing what they made.
65. 19751975 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Micom - concentrators, and what they were really sellingVendorFewer leased lines for the same number of terminals, which is an argument a finance director understands.
66. 19751975 - presentOrigin:US (United States)MicrosoftRed Education partnerVendorThe platform company: Windows, Azure, and Microsoft 365.
67. 19761976 - presentOrigin:US (United States)AppleVendorLost the first round of the personal computer market badly, and won every round after it.
68. 19761976 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)CPqDWorked with directlyStandardsServicesTrainingThe state research centre that survived the privatisation of the state.
69. 19761976 - presentOrigin:IN (India)HCLTechServicesVendorTrainingStarted because IBM left India, and forty-one years later bought IBM's software.
70. 19761976 - presentOrigin:US (United States)USRoboticsVendorWon three times with proprietary protocols, and gave up all three the moment a standard arrived.
71. 19771977 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)MicrocampTrainingThe pioneering was the audience, not the technology - and it taught on the machines the market reserve built.
72. 19771977 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Oracle - the database empireVendorThe first commercial SQL database, four decades of acquisitions - Sun included - and 2025's handover to co-CEOs for the AI era.
73. 19771977 - 1993Origin:US (United States)Tandy and RadioShackVendorResellerOutsold Apple three to one with a worse computer, because it had seven thousand shops.Tandy exited computer manufacturing in May 1993, selling the business to AST. The RadioShack chain continued long after the machines stopped.
74. 19791979 - presentOrigin:US (United States)3Com - Ethernet leaves the labVendorBob Metcalfe commercialized his own PARC invention; EtherLink wired the PC era, Palm rode along, and the story ended at HP in 2010.
75. 19791979 - 2016Origin:US (United States)EMC CorporationVendorMade storage a category of its own, then became the largest technology acquisition in history.Acquired by Dell for $67B - the largest technology acquisition ever at the time - forming Dell Technologies. The Dell EMC brand persisted on products until around 2020.
76. 19791979 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ingram MicroDistributorTwo schoolteachers started it, and it now moves fifty billion dollars of other people's products a year.
77. 19791979 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Sytek - broadband LANs, and NetBIOSVendorRan local networks over cable television plant, and left behind an interface that outlived the company by decades.
78. 19791979 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ungermann-Bass - the first company that only did networksVendorRalph Ungermann left Zilog to build networks and nothing else, which nobody had done as a business before.
79. 19801980 - 1991Origin:US (United States)Ashton-Tate - dBASE II and IIIVendorA football-pool database written in 8080 assembly became dBASE II, 70 per cent of the microcomputer database market, and one of the Big Three; then dBASE IV shipped too early.Sold to Borland in September 1991 in an all-stock transaction; defunct October 1991. The dBASE line continued under Borland and later owners.
80. 19811981 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Bridge Communications - the box between the networksVendorBuilt the equipment that joined incompatible networks, then merged with 3Com in 1987.
81. 19811981 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)OlitelResellerServicesHas been making other people's telephones work for forty years, through four incompatible technologies.
82. 19811981 - presentProgress Software - the company that owns the debugger, the load balancer and MOVEitVendorAn American software company that acquired Telerik, Ipswitch and Kemp, and in 2023 became the origin of one of the largest single data-theft campaigns ever recorded.
83. 19821982 - 2002Origin:US (United States)Compaq - the clone that became the kingVendorThree ex-TI engineers sketched a portable on a placemat, clean-roomed the IBM BIOS, and built the fastest company to a billion dollars - then bought DEC and merged into HP.Acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2002, and retired as a brand by 2010. It had itself absorbed Tandem in 1997 and DEC in 1998, so three companies ended inside one lineage.
84. 19821982 - presentOrigin:US (United States)CompTIATrainingStandardsIts entire value was being owned by nobody, and in 2024 it was bought.
85. 19821982 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Compugraf (now CG One)ResellerA computer graphics company that became a security company, and kept the name for forty years.
86. 19821982 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Excelan - TCP/IP on a card, before it was obviousVendorSelling TCP/IP to corporations in 1982, which required believing a research network's protocol had a commercial future.
87. 19821982 - 1995Origin:US (United States)Lotus DevelopmentVendorForecast a million dollars in its first year, made fifty-three, and shipped software still running four decades later.Acquired by IBM for $3.5B, primarily to obtain Notes. The brand persisted for years afterwards, and the Notes and Domino products were sold on to HCL in a deal announced 6 December 2018 for $1.8B.
88. 19821982 - presentRSA Security - the company that fought Clipper, then shipped Dual_ECVendorNine years with a suspect random number generator as the default, a 10 million dollar contract, and a denial that answered a different question.
89. 19821982 - 2016Origin:US (United States)Silicon Graphics - the geometry of HollywoodVendorJim Clark's geometry engines rendered Jurassic Park and invented OpenGL; the name ended at HPE in 2016.Silicon Graphics, Inc. sold substantially all its assets to Rackable Systems in a sale finalised on 11 May 2009, and Rackable took the name Silicon Graphics International; Hewlett Packard Enterprise completed the acquisition of that company on 1 November 2016 at $7.75 a share, and the name ended there.
90. 19821982 - 2010Origin:US (United States)Sun Microsystems - the network is the computerVendorFour Stanford-orbit founders, SPARC, Solaris, Java - the dot in dot-com, absorbed by Oracle in 2010.Acquired by Oracle in 2010. Java, Solaris, ZFS and the identity stack that became ForgeRock all passed with it.
91. 19821982 - presentOrigin:US (United States)SymantecRed Education partnerVendorThe security brand of a generation, now Broadcom's enterprise line.
92. 19821982 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)TecBan - the machines belong to nobody in particularWorked with directlyServicesBrazilian shared self-service network founded in 1982 by three banks, operator of Banco24Horas.
93. 19831983 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Banyan Systems - the directory pioneerVendorVINES and StreetTalk delivered a true global directory service years before NDS or Active Directory - and lost anyway; the idea won everywhere.
94. 19831983 - 2009Origin:US (United States)Borland - Turbo Pascal and the Big Four yearsVendorSold a $49.95 Pascal compiler by mail order in 1983, made Forrester's Big Four, bought dBASE, shipped Delphi, renamed itself Inprise, and ended inside Micro Focus.Acquired by Micro Focus: announced 6 May 2009 at $75 million, approved by shareholders on 22 July 2009 at $1.50 a share and completed in late July 2009. Micro Focus was itself acquired by OpenText in 2023, which absorbed the Borland portfolio into its application delivery management division.
95. 19831983 - 2013Origin:US (United States)Cabletron Systems and EnterasysWorked insideVendorSold cable assemblies out of a garage, grew into Cisco's most serious rival, then dismantled itself on purpose.Enterasys, the enterprise remnant of Cabletron, was acquired by Extreme Networks in 2013 for $180M.
96. 19831983 - presentOrigin:ZA (South Africa)Dimension Data - integration at continental scaleResellerServicesA systems integrator that grew out of one region and was absorbed into a Japanese carrier.
97. 19831983 - presentFounding year:The Domain Name System (RFC 882/883)Origin:US (United States)DNS & BIND - the internet's phone book and its reference implementationStandardsMockapetris's 1983 design and Berkeley's software that ran it - delegation, caching, and forty years of the same wire format.
98. 19831983 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Microsiga - the bet that microcomputers would replace mainframesVendorBrazilian business-software company founded in 1983, renamed TOTVS in 2005.
99. 19831983 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Novell - the network operating systemVendorNetWare owned the LAN era and IPX ran the world's offices; the lineage ended at OpenText in 2023.
100. 19831983 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)TOTVS - the software most Brazilian companies actually run onVendorBrazilian enterprise resource planning vendor, founded in 1983 and listed on B3.
101. 19841984 - presentCDW - the reseller that sells to everyoneVendorBorn from a classified ad in 1984; the American archetype of the value-added reseller, and the place an F5 lab licence cost 108 dollars and a credit card.
102. 19841984 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Cisco SystemsRed Education partnerWorked insideVendorDid not invent the router, but was the first to sell one that spoke everybody's protocol at once.
103. 19841984 - presentFounding year:Dell (PC's Limited)Origin:US (United States)Dell & Force10 - the direct model and its fabricVendorA dorm-room assembler became the datacenter's broadest supplier - and the 10GbE pioneer it absorbed in 2011 became its switching lineage.
104. 19841984 - 1992Nantucket - ClipperVendorThe compiler that made dBASE III programs into standalone DOS applications; millions were built between 1985 and 1992, then the owner missed Windows.Sold to Computer Associates in 1992 for 190 million dollars; the product was renamed CA-Clipper and its last release, 5.3b, came on 20 May 1997.
105. 19841984 - presentFounding year:NetScout SystemsOrigin:US (United States)The Sniffer lineage - Network General to NetScoutVendorThe 1986 Sniffer made protocol analysis a profession; through Dolch luggables, Network Associates, and Arbor's DDoS telemetry, the whole bloodline converged on NetScout.
106. 19841984 - 2023Origin:US (United States)Xilinx - the chip you finish writing yourselfVendorField-programmable gate array pioneer, founded 1984, acquired by AMD in 2022.Acquired by AMD on 14 February 2022 and the brand phased out in June 2023; the product lines continue under AMD.
107. 19851985 - presentOrigin:US (United States)BeyondTrustVendorFounded as Symark in 1985, renamed for a company it bought in 2009, and merged into a company that took its name in 2018.
108. 19851985 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Qualcomm - a trucking service paid for the mobile networkVendorFounded 1985; funded its CDMA research with a satellite messaging system sold to hauliers.
109. 19851985 - presentSoow SigmaResellerServicesPartner named for Netskope in Brazil.
110. 19851985 - presentOrigin:GB (United Kingdom)SophosVendorStarted in Oxford the year before the first PC virus spread, and is still here under its own name.
111. 19851985 - presentOrigin:US (United States)SynOptics - the other half of Bay NetworksVendorEthernet over telephone wiring, which turned a coaxial bus into something a building could actually be wired for.
112. 19851985 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Tecnocomp - the network that reaches 200 citiesServicesBrazilian IT services company founded 1985, working in managed services, infrastructure and data centres.
113. 19851985 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Westcon-ComstorWorked insideDistributorThe layer between the vendor and the reseller, which decides what is practical to buy in your country.
114. 19851985 - presentFounding year:Zhongxing Semiconductor Co., Ltd.Origin:CN (China)ZTE - China's other giantVendorShenzhen 1985, top-four in 5G - and the 2018 denial order that made supply-chain dependency the industry's most vivid lesson.
115. 19861986 - presentOrigin:TW (Taiwan)D-Link - the adapter in the machine, not the rackVendorTaiwanese networking manufacturer founded 1986 as Datex Systems; first networking company listed in Taiwan.
116. 19861986 - presentOrigin:GB (United Kingdom)Madge Networks - Token Ring's standard-bearerVendorFrom a Buckinghamshire farm to beating IBM in court at IBM's own game - and down with the protocol it championed: 'the Betamax of the networking world.'
117. 19861986 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NCSA - the campus lab that made the web visibleStandardsMosaic gave the web a face in 1993; NCSA httpd's orphaned patches became Apache; NCSA Telnet networked a generation of campuses.
118. 19861986 - presentTRTECResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
119. 19861986 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Wellfleet - one half of Bay NetworksVendorThe router company that merged with a hub company, producing a business that was briefly the credible alternative to Cisco.
120. 19871987 - presentOrigin:JP (Japan)Allied TelesisVendorJapan's global Ethernet workhorse, from media converters up.
121. 19871987 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Dolch (Kontron / Azonix lineage)VendorThe rugged luggable the Sniffer lived in.
122. 19871987 - presentOrigin:NL (Netherlands)EPIRed Education partnerTrainingData-centre training and TIA-942 certification.
123. 19871987 - presentOrigin:CN (China)Huawei - the Shenzhen ascentVendorFrom a 1987 PBX reseller to the world's largest telecom equipment maker - and the center of the decade's biggest technology-policy storm.
124. 19871987 - presentFounding year:McAfee AssociatesOrigin:US (United States)McAfee, FireEye & Mandiant - the road to TrellixWorked with directlyVendorThree security pioneers, one private-equity remix: Trellix and Skyhigh under STG, Mandiant inside Google Cloud, McAfee consumer private.
125. 19871987 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Quest Software - sold to buy something elseVendorSystems and database management vendor founded 1987, bought by Dell, then sold onward twice.
126. 19871987 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)StefaniniServicesTrainingA teacher started it in a spare room, and teaching is what won the first work.
127. 19871987 - presentFounding year:Allied Telesis (founded as Allied Telesyn)Origin:US (United States)The access & home fleet - Netgear, TP-Link, Zyxel, Asus & Askey, Allied TelesisVendorThe boxes everyone actually owns: the first hop of most packets on Earth, told as one fleet.
128. 19871987 - presentOrigin:TW (Taiwan)TSMC - the factory behind most of the silicon on this siteVendorThe first pure-play semiconductor foundry, founded 1987, manufacturing designs it does not own.
129. 19881988 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Contacta - security across the layers, and a SOCWorked with directlyServicesResellerBrazilian security integrator running its own XDR-based security operations centre.
130. 19881988 - presentOrigin:FR (France)Orange - a former state monopoly with a global enterprise armCarrierThe other side of the European story: the operator the national champions were built to supply.
131. 19881988 - presentTrend Micro - the vendor that buys the flaws it defends againstVendorFounded on a dongle, run by a co-founder since 2005, owner of the Zero Day Initiative - and the source of a 2005 update that did more damage in ninety minutes than the worm it targeted.
132. 19891989 - presentOrigin:IE (Ireland)AccentureServicesSpent years fighting to keep a name, lost, and it was the luckiest defeat in consulting.
133. 19891989 - presentFounding year:ASUS (ASUSTeK Computer)Origin:TW (Taiwan)ASUS + AskeyVendorThe motherboard empire and its network-communications arm.
134. 19891989 - presentFounding year:HTTP and the World Wide WebOrigin:US (United States)HTTP & Gopher - the web's protocol and the rival it eclipsedStandardsTwo futures shipped in 1991; one spring of licensing decided between them - CERN gave the web away, Minnesota asked for money.
135. 19891989 - presentOrigin:US (United States)SANS Institute - the cooperative that became the security profession's schoolTrainingFounded in 1989 by a former naval ship designer and his wife as a cooperative for exchanging technical information; now the largest security training organisation there is, with its own certification body, its own accredited college, and its own 2020 breach.
136. 19891989 - 1996Origin:US (United States)Tivoli Systems - management for everybody else's machinesVendorFounded by IBM people told to manage only IBM machines; bought by IBM seven years later for $800 million.Acquired by IBM on 1 March 1996 for approximately $800 million ($716 million in net cash). The name survived as IBM's Tivoli Software brand from 2002 until IBM began phasing it out in 2013; by 2016 the products had been renamed.
137. 19891989 - presentOrigin:TW (Taiwan)ZyxelVendorThe modem-era first-mover from Hsinchu.
138. 19901990 - presentOrigin:ES (Spain)Afina - the distributor Westcon bought to reach Latin AmericaDistributorSpanish security and data centre distributor, founded 1990, acquired by Westcon Group in 2012.
139. 19901990 - presentOrigin:GB (United Kingdom)Arm - the processor almost nobody buys from ArmVendorFormed 1990; licenses a processor architecture rather than selling processors.
140. 19901990 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Bematech - a dissertation that became the tillVendorBrazilian commercial-automation manufacturer founded in 1990 in Curitiba, known for fiscal printers.
141. 19901990 - presentBettaResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
142. 19901990 - presentOrigin:US (United States)GenesysVendorTwo sons of Soviet emigres met at a card game and decided the phone call and the customer record should arrive together.
143. 19901990 - 2019Origin:US (United States)Polycom - the triangle on every conference tableWorked with directlyVendorThe company that put a triangular speakerphone on every conference table, bought by a headset maker, renamed, and bought again by HP.acquired by Plantronics in July 2018 and folded into the Poly name in 2019; HP bought Poly in August 2022
144. 19901990 - presentOrigin:US (United States)PrometricTrainingServicesSix owners in thirty-five years, and the layer that deliberately does not write the questions it delivers.
145. 19901990 - presentTLD HubResellerServicesBrazilian partner named in the Fortinet channel.
146. 19911991 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Agility - the infrastructure half of securityWorked with directlyServicesResellerSao Paulo integrator specialising in infrastructure and cybersecurity for critical environments.
147. 19911991 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Broadcom - the silicon inside almost everybody's switchVendorMerchant switching silicon supplier, and the company most networking equipment on this timeline depends on without saying so.
148. 19911991 - presentProlan - the promise measured in hoursServicesA Sao Paulo integrator whose distinguishing claim is reach: support across more than 950 localities.
149. 19911991 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Teltec Solutions - Florianopolis, and a Cisco award for trainingWorked with directlyResellerServicesBrazilian ICT integrator from Santa Catarina, twice recognised by Cisco across Latin America.
150. 19921992 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ciena - the company that taught fiber to carry colorsVendorThe first commercial DWDM deployment (Sprint, 1996) multiplied installed fiber sixteenfold - and Ciena has compounded the optical layer ever since, Nortel inheritance included.
151. 19921992 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Multiplus Ciberseguranca - the delivery layer, securedWorked with directlyResellerServicesBrazilian cybersecurity firm covering data protection, endpoints, application delivery and observability.
152. 19921992 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NetAppVendorNamed itself after exactly what it sold, which turned out to be most of the strategy.
153. 19921992 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)ParxtechWorked with directlyResellerServicesSells the layer nobody photographs: cable, containment, power and the survey that decides where they go.
154. 19921992 - presentOrigin:US (United States)ScanSourceWorked insideDistributorDistributed products that were on their way to becoming commodities, and tried to arrive first.
155. 19921992 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)TDec Network Group - networks and security, three countriesWorked insideResellerServicesA Brazilian network and security house that grew outward: Brazil, the United States, Portugal.
156. 19931993 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)AudioCodesVendorMade the codec, then the board, then the gateway, then the software - and kept the same chief executive for thirty-three years.
157. 19931993 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)Check Point Software TechnologiesRed Education partnerWorks withVendorPatented stateful inspection, invented the firewall market, and then watched its own alumni build the competition.
158. 19931993 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)CLM - value-added distribution across Latin AmericaDistributorThe layer that decides which security products a Latin American reseller can actually sell.
159. 19931993 - presentConnectionResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
160. 19931993 - presentEPAM Systems - the corridor between two worlds, and what a war did to itVendorFounded in a New Jersey apartment and a Minsk basement in 1993; by 2022 it had 14,000 engineers in Ukraine and 18,000 in Belarus and Russia, and the founder's silence became the story.
161. 19931993 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Ka SolutionTrainingServicesCarries fifteen vendors' official curricula at once, which is a different business from carrying one.
162. 19931993 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Nvidia - the GPU company that runs the fabricVendorCUDA's decade-early bet, the AlexNet ignition, Mellanox - the network's biggest customer became one of its vendors.
163. 19931993 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Red HatRed Education partnerVendorEnterprise open source: RHEL, OpenShift, Ansible.
164. 19931993 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Supermicro - the hardware underneath somebody else's brandVendorA great deal of infrastructure is built on boards whose maker is not on the bezel.
165. 19931993 - 1999Origin:US (United States)Xylan - the fastest growing internetworking company there had beenVendorLAN switching company founded 1993 in Calabasas, acquired by Alcatel in 1999.Acquired by Alcatel. A cash tender offer at US$37.00 per share opened 8 March 1999 and closed 2 April with about 97% of shares tendered; Xylan became a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary that month. The switching line continued as Alcatel's enterprise business.
166. 19941994 - presentOrigin:GB (United Kingdom)NetcraftVendorServicesThe company that has counted the web's servers every month since 1995, and now takes down a third of the world's phishing.
167. 19941994 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Netscape - the company that opened the webVendorClark and Andreessen's Navigator took the internet mainstream; SSL, JavaScript, and the cookie were invented here - the browser lost the war, the inventions won everything.
168. 19941994 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Pearson VUETrainingServicesA certification is worth exactly what its verification is worth, and this is where the verification happens.
169. 19941994 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Websense and ForcepointVendorA reseller that became a filter, then a bubble IPO, then a defence contractor's cyber arm, then private equity again.
170. 19951995 - 2013Origin:US (United States)AltaVistaVendorBuilt to stress-test a processor, it became the best search engine on the web - and was then turned into a portal.Shut down by Yahoo on 8 July 2013; the domain has redirected to Yahoo Search ever since.
171. 19951995 - presentFounding year:Brocade Communications SystemsOrigin:US (United States)Brocade & Foundry - the Broadcom diasporaVendorTwo 1990s pioneers, one 2017 dismemberment: SAN to Broadcom, data center to Extreme, campus and Wi-Fi to CommScope.
172. 19951995 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Etek NovaRed - a Brazilian firm owned from Miami, then from SantiagoServicesDistributorBrazilian information-security company, a Chilean-American joint venture from 2012 and wholly Chilean-owned from 2021.
173. 19951995 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Global Knowledge - the largest of them, now inside SkillsoftTrainingEnterprise IT training company, a Cisco Platinum Learning Partner, now part of Skillsoft.
174. 19951995 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Marvell - founded on a disk drive, ended up in the networkVendorSilicon company incorporated in 1995 by three founders, now a supplier of networking and infrastructure chips.
175. 19951999 - presentStory begins:1995, The Apache GroupOrigin:US (United States)The Apache Software FoundationStandardsVendorThe web server that ran the web, built by eight people trading patches by email.
176. 19951995 - 2025Origin:US (United States)TrustwaveServicesVendorThirty years of managed security from Chicago, owned in turn by a Singapore carrier, a Chertoff fund and a spun-out AT&T business.Acquired by LevelBlue, completed 19 August 2025, after Singtel (2015, $810 million) and the MC² Security Fund (January 2024, $205 million) had owned it; trustwave.com now redirects to LevelBlue.
177. 19961996 - presentFounding year:CacheFlow (Blue Coat Systems from 2002)Origin:US (United States)Blue Coat & Packeteer - the chokepoint companiesVendorCacheFlow's pivot made the proxy a security platform; PacketShaper created traffic shaping - together, the prehistory of the SSE category.
178. 19961996 - presentCESAR - the centre founded to stop people leavingServicesA Recife innovation centre created in 1996 to keep technology professionals in Pernambuco, and an anchor of Porto Digital.
179. 19961996 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Extreme NetworksRed Education partnerauthorized instructorWorks withWorked with directlyVendorNetworking manufacturer of enterprise switching, wireless and cloud-managed network software.
180. 19961996 - presentOrigin:US (United States)F5Red Education partnerauthorized instructorWorks withWorked with directlyVendorNamed after a tornado, and spent thirty years moving up the stack from ports to applications.
181. 19961996 - presentOrigin:DE (Germany)Fast Lane - the independent that teaches the manufacturers’ coursesTrainingGlobal IT training company delivering authorised curricula for Cisco, Microsoft, Aruba, NetApp and others.
182. 19961996 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Goldnet TI - thirty years of the same two vendorsResellerServicesBrazilian IT integrator with Cisco and Microsoft practices, working nationally.
183. 19961996 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)ISH Tecnologia - security with the governance attachedWorked with directlyServicesBrazilian security company covering GRC, continuity planning, privacy and risk management.
184. 19961996 - presentOrigin:LV (Latvia)MikroTik - Latvia's quiet giantVendorRouterOS on commodity hardware: the company that made carrier-grade routing affordable everywhere - and stayed independent.
185. 19961996 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Nava - three companies that became one nameWorked with directlyServicesResellerUnicom built the infrastructure, FlexVision built the software, and the merged company had to be both.
186. 19961996 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NETGEARVendorThe company that put networking on the retail shelf.
187. 19961996 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NetScreen and Juniper NetworksWorked insideVendorOne firewall company whose alumni went on to found or shape most of the others.
188. 19962000 - 2006Story begins:1996, Yago SystemsOrigin:US (United States)Riverstone NetworksWorked insideVendorSpun out of Cabletron to chase the metro Ethernet boom, and ran out of road when the boom stopped.Assets acquired by Lucent Technologies in early 2006 following a Chapter 11 filing, and absorbed into Alcatel-Lucent when the two merged later that year.
189. 19961996 - 2000Origin:US (United States)SixDegrees.comVendorThe first social network, and it failed because not enough people were online yet.Bought by YouthStream Media Networks in December 1999 for $125 million and shut down about a year later, on 30 December 2000.
190. 19961996 - presentTechDECResellerServicesPartner named for both Extreme Networks and Netskope in Brazil.
191. 19961996 - presentOrigin:CN (China)TP-LinkVendorThe volume king of consumer networking.
192. 19961996 - presentOrigin:US (United States)WatchGuard - the red box that made the firewall an applianceVendorThe 1996 Firebox turned security from a project into an object - and the mid-market has run on it since.
193. 19961996 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)YSSY - integration with the certificates to prove itServicesResellerA Brazilian integrator whose public face is a list of standards it holds.
194. 19971997 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ixia and KeysightWorked with directlyVendorNetwork test, bought by the part of Hewlett-Packard that Hewlett and Packard actually started.
195. 19971997 - presentOrigin:RU (Russia)KasperskyVendorWorld-class malware research and a geopolitical problem, in the same company, both real.
196. 19971997 - presentOrigin:DE (Germany)PaesslerRed Education partnerVendorPRTG: the network monitoring standard of the mid-market.
197. 19971997 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)Radware - the Zisapel lineageVendorBorn of Israel's RAD Group in 1997; the ADC and DDoS specialist that rescued Alteon from Nortel's wreckage for ~$18M.
198. 19981998 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Akamai TechnologiesVendorServicesAnswered a question Tim Berners-Lee posed about congestion, and the answer became most of how the web is delivered.
199. 19981998 - 2009Origin:BR (Brazil)Brasil TelecomWorked with directlyCarrierOne of the twelve pieces, which spent a decade becoming part of a larger piece again.Acquired by Oi (then Telemar), reuniting two of the three fixed-line holdings the 1998 privatisation had separated.
200. 19981998 - presentDanresaResellerServicesBrazilian partner named in the Fortinet channel.
201. 19981998 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Datacom - Brazil's networking manufacturerVendorThe hometown entry: carrier gear, GPON, and a national OS, designed and built in Rio Grande do Sul since 1998.
202. 19981998 - 2012Origin:US (United States)eEye Digital Security - Retina, and the hole Code Red came throughVendorThe Irvine company whose researchers found the IIS flaw that Code Red exploited in 2001, and whose Retina scanner ended up inside BeyondTrust.Acquired by BeyondTrust, then of Carlsbad, California; announced 10 May 2012, financial terms not disclosed. Marc Maiffret became BeyondTrust's chief technology officer.
203. 19981998 - presentOrigin:US (United States)EquinixData centreTwo facilities managers left DEC because the telcos were refereeing a game they were playing in.
204. 19981998 - presentOrigin:US (United States)GoogleVendorRanked pages by who linked to them rather than how often they said the word - and was nearly sold to AltaVista for a million dollars.
205. 19981998 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Oi - sixteen companies assembled into one, then unassembledWorked with directlyCarrierBrazilian carrier created by the 1998 Telebras privatisation; filed the largest bankruptcy protection in Brazilian history in 2016.
206. 19981998 - presentOrigin:NZ (New Zealand)TamoSoft - TamoGraphVendorA privately held Christchurch company whose TamoGraph does passive, active and predictive Wi-Fi surveys on Windows and macOS.
207. 19991999 - 2026Origin:IL (Israel)CyberArkRed Education partnerVendorPrivileged access and identity security.Acquired by Palo Alto Networks, completed 11 February 2026 ($45.00 in cash and 2.2005 Palo Alto Networks shares per CyberArk share); the brand became Idira by Palo Alto Networks in May 2026.
208. 19991999 - presentOrigin:US (United States)FreeRADIUSStandardsVendorAuthenticates about a third of the people on the internet, and has had the same project leader since 1999.
209. 19991999 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Infoblox - DDI, and why it is one productVendorDNS, DHCP and address management are three protocols and one source of truth.
210. 19992007 - presentStory begins:1999, NetSaint, Ethan Galstad's projectOrigin:US (United States)Nagios - NetSaint, Nagios Core and Nagios EnterprisesVendorEthan Galstad's NetSaint of 1999 became Nagios in 2002 and a St. Paul company in 2007; its plugin model shaped a generation of monitoring.
211. 19991999 - presentOrigin:CLNeoSecure - the Chilean halfServicesChilean security company, leader in its home market, absorbed into SEK.
212. 19992001 - 2019Story begins:1999, Cain v1.0oxid.it - one man, one tool, and a site that is no longer thereVendorMassimiliano Montoro published Cain & Abel from a personal Italian domain for over a decade; the software taught a generation how switched networks really behave, and the documentation now exists only in the Internet Archive.The site stopped serving Cain & Abel in mid-2019. The Internet Archive holds the real page (the 4.9.56 release, footer “Copyright (c) 2001-2014”) through 21 June 2019; by late June 2019 the URL returned 404, and from 15 August 2019 it served only a small placeholder. The domain now shows a “Coming Soon” parking page. The last RELEASE was 2014; the site outlived it by five years.
213. 19991999 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Proteus - the Brazilian halfServicesBrazilian security company bought by Patria in 2021 and merged into SEK.
214. 19991999 - presentOrigin:US (United States)QualysVendorDelivered security scanning as a service in 2000, before anybody had a word for that.
215. 19991999 - presentSalesforce - the company that declared the end of softwareVendorFounded in a rented apartment in 1999 with a crossed-out word on a badge; the customers' objection was the word control, and it was the right objection, and they bought it anyway.
216. 19991999 - presentOrigin:US (United States)SolarWindsVendorSold the software that watches everything, which is exactly why somebody wanted it.
217. 19992004 - 2020Story begins:1999, the OpenNMS project at PlatformWorksOrigin:US (United States)The OpenNMS Group - OpenNMSVendorOne of the oldest open source network management platforms, started in 1999, with a company behind it since 2004 and NantHealth as owner since 2020.Acquired by NantHealth; the transaction closed on 22 July 2020, announced from Culver City on 27 July 2020 with no terms disclosed. OpenNMS continues as a NantHealth company with its own site.
218. 19991999 - presentTippingPoint - four owners, and the bug bounty that outlived them allVendorAn Austin IPS company that changed hands three times in eleven years. What survived every sale was not the appliance but the research programme attached to it.
219. 20002000 - 2010Origin:US (United States)ArcSightVendorDecided in advance what mattered, which is the opposite of what its main rival decided.Acquired by HP for about $1.5B, completing 22 October 2010. The product line then passed to HPE in the 2015 split, to Micro Focus on 1 September 2017, and to OpenText in 2023 - four owners in thirteen years.
220. 20002000 - presentOrigin:FR (France)Atos - the estate somebody else runsServicesLarge-scale IT outsourcing, where the contract decides the architecture.
221. 20002000 - presentOrigin:US (United States)AvayaRed Education partnerWorked insideVendorEnterprise communications: Aura, IP Office, and contact center.
222. 20002000 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Cipher - the other one that was boughtWorked with directlyServicesA large Brazilian security firm acquired by a physical-security multinational, two years before the same thing happened to its rival.
223. 20002000 - 2019Origin:IE (Ireland)Corvil - the microsecond, measured in DublinWorked with directlyVendorA Dublin company that turned packet capture into the trading floor's own measurements, and sold itself to a New York infrastructure provider in 2019.acquired by Pico in 2019; continues as Pico's Corvil Analytics
224. 20002000 - 2018Origin:FI (Finland)EkahauVendorWi-Fi design and survey software born in a University of Helsinki machine learning group, sold to Ookla in 2018 and carried into Accenture in 2026.Sold by Nexit Ventures to Ookla LLC, a Ziff Davis subsidiary, in October 2018, for a price the parties did not state and Helsingin Sanomat estimated at 100 to 130 million euros. The Ekahau products continue under Ookla, whose sale to Accenture was announced on 2 March 2026; the Ekahau site's footer now reads 'Ookla, LLC., an Accenture company'.
225. 20002000 - presentOrigin:US (United States)FortinetRed Education partnerauthorized instructorWorks withVendorFounded by the man who had already built one firewall company, on the same argument taken further.
226. 20002000 - 2007Origin:US (United States)IronPort SystemsWorked insideVendorWorked out that the useful question about an email was not what it contained but who sent it.Acquired by Cisco for approximately $830M, announced January 2007, and folded into Cisco's security business.
227. 20002000 - presentOrigin:IE (Ireland)Kemp TechnologiesVendorPriced the load balancer for the administrator rather than the committee, and went virtual before the market did.
228. 20002000 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)LAN Professional - the Cabletron channel in BrazilWorked with directlyDistributorTrainingSao Paulo distributor and authorised training centre for Cabletron, Enterasys, F5 Networks and IronPort.
229. 20002000 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Rapid7VendorBought the industry's best-known attack toolkit, which is the opposite of what its main competitor did with open source.
230. 20002000 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Tempest - cybersecurity out of RecifeServicesBrazil's largest specialist security firm, built outside the Sao Paulo axis and bought by an aircraft manufacturer.
231. 20012001 - presentOrigin:CA (Canada)BlueCat Networks - DDI, from the operations sideVendorDNS, DHCP and address management sold as network operations rather than as infrastructure.
232. 20012001 - presentOrigin:DE (Germany)Damovo - a division that outlived three ownersServicesResellerEuropean technology services company spun out of Ericsson in 2001, now owned by Global Growth.
233. 20012001 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Dyn - managed DNS, and the day it went downVendorServicesManaged DNS and dynamic DNS provider, later acquired by Oracle.
234. 20012001 - presentOrigin:US (United States)EC-CouncilTrainingStandardsThe most required certification in its field, and the most argued about, which are the same fact seen twice.
235. 20012001 - presentOrigin:US (United States)FireMon - watching the policy changeVendorThe value is not the audit; it is noticing the day after the audit.
236. 20012001 - presentOrigin:US (United States)KryterionTrainingServicesThe same parent that founded Prometric, doing it a second time - and proctoring online fourteen years before everyone had to.
237. 20012001 - 2011Origin:CA (Canada)Q1 Labs - QRadarVendorA University of New Brunswick spinout whose security intelligence software became IBM QRadar, and then two products with two owners.Acquired by IBM; the deal was announced on 4 October 2011 and completed on 26 October 2011, and Q1 Labs' chief executive became general manager of IBM's new Security Systems division. In September 2024 the QRadar SaaS assets passed to Palo Alto Networks, while QRadar on premises stayed with IBM.
238. 20012001 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Seal Sistemas - the barcode is an interfaceServicesResellerBrazilian integrator in mobility, automation and enterprise visibility, founded 2001.
239. 20012001 - presentUnder ProtectionResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
240. 20012005 - presentStory begins:2001, Zabbix, Alexei Vladishev's internal monitoring toolOrigin:LV (Latvia)ZabbixVendorAlexei Vladishev's internal tool of 2001 became a Riga company in 2005 and a monitoring platform with offices on four continents, free and open source throughout.
241. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Adistec - distribution written for a region, not a countryDistributorValue-added distributor for Latin America and the Caribbean, founded 2002, headquartered in Miami.
242. 20022002 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Altasnet - IT from Belo HorizonteResellerServicesBrazilian integrator covering cybersecurity, networks, data centre and cloud, with more than twenty years in the market.
243. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Imperva - from WebCohort to ThalesVendorThe WAF pioneer founded by a Check Point co-founder, now the application-security arm of a French defense giant.
244. 20022002 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)InLearn - official training, BrazilWorked with directlyTrainingBrazilian authorised training centre for F5 and Fortinet courses.
245. 20022002 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)IT-ONE - supply and integration in one placeResellerServicesBrazilian IT integrator covering cloud, cybersecurity, infrastructure and observability.
246. 20022002 - 2007Origin:BR (Brazil)Mude - the distributor at the centre of Operacao PersonaDistributorBrazilian Cisco importer investigated from 2007 in a federal foreign-trade fraud case.Operacao Persona was launched on 16 October 2007. The company does not trade; this timeline records it because of the case rather than in spite of it.
247. 20022002 - presentNetwork SecureResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
248. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ping IdentityRed Education partnerWorks withVendorBet early that identity would have to work between organisations, not just inside one.
249. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Procera Networks - the company that reads the trafficVendorDeep packet inspection vendor, taken private in 2015 and merged into Sandvine in 2017.
250. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Proofpoint - the mail gateway, stillVendorEmail remained the way in long after the industry stopped finding it interesting.
251. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)RiverbedRed Education partnerVendorWAN optimization pioneer turned observability company.
252. 20022002 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)Skybox Security - attack paths, and an endingVendorModelled how an attacker would traverse the network you documented, and was absorbed by a competitor.
253. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)SpaceX - low orbit, and what it does to the latency floorCarrierThe constraint that could not be engineered away was engineered around, by moving the satellites.
254. 20022002 - presentOrigin:US (United States)TenableVendorBuilt on a scanner a seventeen-year-old wrote, and then closed the source to fund the company.
255. 20032003 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Barracuda Networks - security for the estates nobody writes aboutVendorBuilt a business where the budget is small, the staff is one person, and the threat is identical.
256. 20032003 - presentOrigin:FR (France)Exclusive Networks - distribution with five hundred engineersDistributorFrench specialist cybersecurity distributor, listed on Euronext Paris in 2021 and taken private again from 2024.
257. 20032003 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Grupo IHC - a consultancy, a school and an integratorServicesTrainingBrazilian group whose three companies were founded in sequence, each out of the one before.
258. 20032003 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)HighCast - the consultancy that built a training companyWorked with directlyServicesBrazilian network consultancy working on carrier backbones across Latin America.
259. 20032003 - presentOrigin:US (United States)LogRhythm - the SIEM problem, stated honestlyVendorCollecting everything is easy; the cost is that somebody has to read it.
260. 20032003 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Netbr - identity, before anybody called it thatServicesBrazilian identity and access management specialist founded 2003, acquired by SEK in 2025.
261. 20032003 - presentNIC.br - the registry that funds the plumbingWorked with directlyStandardsServicesRuns .br, allocates the country's addresses, and spends the proceeds on infrastructure everyone uses.
262. 20032003 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Penso - a million mailboxes and an early provider behind itServicesBrazilian IT services company founded 2003, whose founders helped create one of the country’s first internet providers.
263. 20032003 - presentPortSwigger - the consultant's side project that became the standardVendorDafydd Stuttard wrote tools to speed up his own consulting in a Cheshire market town, gave one of them an arbitrary name, and it became the default instrument of web application testing.
264. 20032003 - presentOrigin:US (United States)ReadyTech - the class starts whether the lab is ready or notTrainingVirtual training platform for hands-on laboratories in instructor-led and self-paced delivery.
265. 20032003 - presentSegertechResellerServicesPartner named for Extreme Networks in Brazil.
266. 20032003 - 2024Origin:US (United States)SplunkVendorNamed after caving, because that is what searching your own logs felt like.Acquired by Cisco for approximately $28B, announced 21 September 2023 and completed 18 March 2024. It continues as a Cisco business unit.
267. 20032003 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)WDC Networks - distribution that manufacturesDistributorBrazilian technology distributor founded in 2003, listed on B3, working a technology-as-a-service model.
268. 20032003 - presentZivaResellerServicesBrazilian partner named in the Fortinet channel.
269. 20042004 - presentOrigin:US (United States)A10 NetworksVendorAttacked application delivery from the throughput flank, where the traffic is heaviest.
270. 20042004 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)AlgoSec - policy from the application's point of viewVendorAsks which application a rule serves, which is the question the rule does not record.
271. 20042004 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Alura - a 36-square-metre room with six computers that became Brazil's largest technology schoolTrainingTwo brothers who wanted to be professors opened Caelum in 2004 on the block where they lived; the online platform of 2011 became Alura in 2013, and by 2025 the group they built, Grupo Alun, held FIAP, PM3 and StartSe.
272. 20042004 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Arista NetworksRed Education partnerVendorCloud-scale data-center and campus networking (EOS).
273. 20042004 - presentOrigin:FR (France)EfficientIP - DDI with the security case attachedVendorDDI vendor whose positioning leads with DNS security rather than address management.
274. 20042004 - 2015Origin:BR (Brazil)Network1Worked insideDistributorBought by the company its own buyer had bought four years earlier.Acquired by ScanSource - announced 15 August 2014 and completed in January 2015. Traded as Network1-ScanSource for years afterwards and became ScanSource's Latin American communications business.
275. 20042004 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Pluralsight - the classroom that became a library, and the library that became collateralTrainingFour instructors with 5,000 dollars each flew to offices to teach Microsoft tools in 2004; the 2007 pivot to an online subscription made it a 3.5-billion-dollar company; by August 2024 its lenders owned all of it.
276. 20042004 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ruckus - six owners in ten yearsVendorWireless networking company founded 2004, passed through Brocade, Arris, CommScope, Vistance and Belden.
277. 20042004 - presentServiceNow - the help desk that became the workflow of the enterpriseVendorFounded alone, at fifty, by a chief technology officer whose previous company had collapsed in accounting fraud; a ticketing system that grew into the platform other systems are wired through.
278. 20052005 - present3CX - the first cascading supply chain compromiseVendorAn employee's personal download of a retired trading app from another vendor became the way into the build servers of a telephony product with twelve million users.
279. 20052005 - presentOrigin:US (United States)BrightCloudVendorThe classification layer underneath other people's security products, including its founder's former employer's competitors.
280. 20052005 - presentOrigin:AT (Austria)DynatraceVendorRewrote its entire platform from scratch under private-equity ownership, which is not how that story usually goes.
281. 20052005 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Grupo Binario - the Juniper integrator, and its training armResellerServicesTrainingChose one vendor at founding and built a certification pipeline around it.
282. 20052005 - 2022Origin:US (United States)MetaGeek - Wi-Spy, inSSIDer and ChanalyzerVendorA nights-and-weekends spectrum analyser from Boise that became the Wi-Fi field kit, then changed hands twice in two years.Acquired by Auvik in April 2022, terms not disclosed, and sold on to Oscium in October 2024; the tools continue under Oscium, and MetaGeek's own pages now redirect there.
283. 20052005 - presentOrigin:US (United States)OpenDNS - the resolver that became a security productVendorA public DNS resolver acquired by Cisco and rebuilt as Umbrella.
284. 20052005 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Palo Alto NetworksRed Education partnerWorked with directlyVendorFounded by a Check Point alumnus on the argument that port numbers had stopped meaning anything.
285. 20052005 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)QoS - a Juniper training centre for Latin AmericaTrainingServicesTeaching the manufacturer's certification courses since 2006, from inside an integrator.
286. 20052005 - presentOrigin:AU (Australia)Red EducationWorks insideTrainingServicesTraining is distributed the same way products are, and this is what that looks like.
287. 20052005 - presentOrigin:US (United States)SailPoint - governance, which is the unglamorous half of identityVendorAuthentication asks who you are. Governance asks why you still have that access.
288. 20052005 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)TIVITServicesData centreA professional tennis player, a nightclub, and a company built by merging two others somebody already owned.
289. 20052005 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)Tufin - firewall policy, read back to youVendorA company whose product is understanding the rules you already wrote.
290. 20052005 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Ubiquiti - enterprise features at prosumer pricesVendorairMAX armed the WISPs, UniFi made the controller model a $200 purchase - and two incidents every security reader should know cold.
291. 20052005 - presentOrigin:PL (Poland)Versim - distribution and training, PolandWorked with directlyDistributorTrainingPolish distributor and authorised training centre for Extreme Networks.
292. 20062006 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Amazon Web ServicesRed Education partnerVendorData centreServicesThe cloud platform that defined the category.
293. 20062006 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)AX4B - one product, then a catalogueResellerServicesSao Paulo integrator founded in 2006 around Microsoft Dynamics AX, later expanding by acquisition.
294. 20062006 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Gantech - cloud security, by its acronymsServicesResellerBrazilian information-security firm specialising in cloud workload and posture protection.
295. 20062006 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Kyndryl Cloud Uplift (formerly Skytap) - the laboratory is the hard partTrainingData centreCloud environment platform founded 2006 as Skytap by university researchers, widely used for virtual training labs; now Kyndryl Cloud Uplift.
296. 20062006 - presentOrigin:CH (Switzerland)VeeamVendorThe side project ate the main business, twice - and a previous exit was the only funding round for a decade.
297. 20072007 - presentOrigin:IL (Israel)CloudShareTrainingServicesIts founder bought it back from the investors for four dollars, then ran it profitably for a decade.
298. 20072007 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)CPM Braxis - the largest Brazilian IT services company, soldServicesBrazilian IT services firm acquired by Capgemini in 2010 and absorbed into its brand by 2012.
299. 20072007 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Flipside - the organisation behind RoadsecServicesTrainingRan the security event that reached the people conferences usually price out.
300. 20072007 - 2020Origin:US (United States)MobileIronRed Education partnerVendorMobile device management pioneer, now part of Ivanti.Acquired by Ivanti, announced September 2020 and completed 1 December, alongside Pulse Secure.
301. 20072007 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)NivaWorked with directlyResellerServicesAn integrator whose partner list is a map of this timeline.
302. 20072007 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)NTSec Group - security bought by the public sectorWorked with directlyResellerServicesTrainingBrazilian security integrator headquartered in Brasilia, with branches in eight states and its own academy.
303. 20072007 - presentOrigin:US (United States)OffSec (Offensive Security)TrainingVendorGives the tool away and charges for the proof that you can use it.
304. 20072007 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)WZTech Networks - integration from the interiorServicesResellerMulti-brand Brazilian integrator in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, covering data, voice and video infrastructure.
305. 20072007 - presentOrigin:US (United States)ZscalerRed Education partnerWorks withVendorArgued that if users are not in the office, the security stack should not be either.
306. 20082008 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Conviso - application security, from BrazilServicesThe part of security that has to be argued with developers rather than configured on a device.
307. 20082008 - presentOrigin:FR (France)Sagemcom - the box in the house nobody choseVendorFrench manufacturer of broadband gateways, set-top boxes and meters, carved out of Safran in 2008.
308. 20082008 - presentSecurity4ITResellerServicesPartner named for both Netskope and Check Point in Brazil.
309. 20092009 - presentOrigin:US (United States)CloudflareVendorServicesBegan as a project asking where spam came from, and became infrastructure after users asked it to stop the spam instead.
310. 20092009 - presentInorpelResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
311. 20092009 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NutanixRed Education partnerVendorHybrid multicloud and hyper-converged infrastructure.
312. 20092009 - presentOrigin:US (United States)OktaVendorCloud identity for 10,000 organisations, the $6.5 billion Auth0 purchase, and the 2022 and 2023 breaches that showed what an identity provider's support desk is worth to an attacker.
313. 20092009 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Proof - managed detection, and another one absorbedServicesRio de Janeiro security firm acquired by SEK in 2024.
314. 20092009 - presentOrigin:GB (United Kingdom)Raspberry Pi - the machine you are allowed to breakVendorTrainingSingle-board computer created to get computing back into teaching, now embedded across networking and lab work.
315. 20092009 - presentXZ Utils - the supply chain with no supplierVendorA two-year campaign against a burnt-out volunteer maintainer, caught by one engineer who noticed half a second of latency.
316. 20102010 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)CYLK - security integration, Sao PauloWorked insideResellerServicesA Brazilian security integrator: the practice of making other people's products work together in somebody else's estate.
317. 20102010 - presentOrigin:US (United States)DatadogVendorThe founding problem was two teams looking at different data during the same outage.
318. 20102010 - presentFreshworks - the help desk that started from a Hacker News commentVendorFounded in a 700-square-foot warehouse in Chennai in 2010 by a Zoho product head who read that a competitor had raised prices; the first Indian software-as-a-service company to list on Nasdaq.
319. 20102010 - presentOrigin:US (United States)OsciumVendorOklahoma City instruments for the field tech's tablet, and since 2024 the home of Wi-Spy, inSSIDer and Chanalyzer.
320. 20102010 - presentSecurewayResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
321. 20102010 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Udemy - anyone could teach, and ninety-five thousand didTrainingBuilt in 2010 by a founder from a Turkish village who had learned online because his school could not teach him; a marketplace of a quarter-million courses in seventy-five languages, absorbed into Coursera in May 2026.
322. 20112011 - presentOrigin:CA (Canada)AuvikVendorWaterloo's cloud network management for MSPs: 100,000 networks, 12 million devices, and a $250 million cheque from Great Hill Partners.
323. 20112011 - presentBy SevenResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
324. 20112011 - presentOrigin:US (United States)CrowdStrikeVendorBuilt on the argument that you should hunt the attacker rather than the malware - then proved, in one morning, what a lightweight agent everywhere really means.
325. 20112011 - presentHexaITResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
326. 20112011 - presentWorld ZoneResellerServicesBrazilian partner named in the Fortinet channel.
327. 20122012 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Coursera - a hundred thousand students in a lifetime, delivered in a few weeksTrainingTwo Stanford professors put three courses online in 2011 and each drew more students in weeks than either could teach in a career; in 2026 the company they founded absorbed Udemy and became the largest learning platform there is.
328. 20122012 - presentOrigin:US (United States)CredlyTrainingVendorVerifies the credential, as its owner verifies the person - and the small company bought the big one's product before the big one bought it.
329. 20122012 - 2025Origin:US (United States)CybereasonVendorThe endpoint detection company that found the NotPetya kill switch, raised more than $850 million, and ended inside a services company.Acquired by LevelBlue, announced 14 October 2025 and completed 25 November 2025; the brand folded into LevelBlue.
330. 20122012 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)e-Safer - cybersecurity and fraud, togetherServicesBrazilian security firm whose practice pairs cybersecurity with fraud prevention.
331. 20122012 - presentOrigin:US (United States)edX - the nonprofit that was sold, and the company that bought it went bankruptTrainingHarvard and MIT founded it in 2012 so anyone could take their courses free; in 2021 they sold it for 800 million dollars to a company that filed for bankruptcy three years later, with the money parked in a foundation that has barely spoken since.
332. 20122012 - presentOrigin:NL (Netherlands)ElasticVendorChanged its licence to stop a cloud provider, got forked, and changed it back three years later.
333. 20122012 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NetskopeRed Education partnerauthorized instructorWorks withVendorStarted from the observation that nobody knew which cloud applications their own staff were using.
334. 20122012 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Versa Networks - the SASE independentVendorTwo ex-Riverstone, ex-Juniper brothers building unified SASE - one of the last large independents in a consolidated market.
335. 20132014 - presentStory begins:2013, Grafana, Torkel Ödegaard's open source dashboardGrafana LabsVendorA dashboard side project of 2013 that became the open observability platform: $270 million at a $6 billion valuation in 2024.
336. 20132013 - presentOrigin:US (United States)IllumioVendorAssumed the attacker is already inside, and made the whole product about what happens next.
337. 20132013 - presentOrigin:CH (Switzerland)Nozomi NetworksVendorBuilt on the constraint that you cannot scan an industrial network without risking the plant.
338. 20132013 - presentSolorResellerServicesBrazilian partner named in the Fortinet channel.
339. 20142014 - presentOrigin:US (United States)KentikVendorThe people who ran the networks built the tool they could not buy.
340. 20142014 - 2020Origin:US (United States)Pulse SecureWorked with directlyVendorA company created to hold a product line older than itself.Acquired by Ivanti alongside MobileIron, announced September 2020 and completed 1 December.
341. 20142014 - presentRCXResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
342. 20142014 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Unentel - collaboration, networks, and the parts nobody photographsResellerServicesBrazilian reseller in unified communications and network security, with rental and post-sales as named business lines.
343. 20152015 - presentOrigin:US (United States)OpenAIVendorFounded as a non-profit hedge against AI being controlled by one company, and now largely owned by one company.
344. 20152015 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)StartSe - a thirty-real course from a living room in Minas, and the missions to Silicon ValleyTrainingFounded in 2015 in the interior of Minas Gerais with a two-hour online course that cost thirty reais; a year later four former partners of XP Investimentos bought in, and the product became the week-long mission to Silicon Valley.
345. 20162016 - presentBlue EyeResellerServicesPartner named for Zscaler in Brazil.
346. 20162016 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Conversys - infrastructure and the network operations behind itResellerServicesBrazilian integrator covering hybrid cloud, enterprise networking, SD-WAN and security, with its own network operations centre.
347. 20162016 - presentOrigin:CH (Switzerland)Quad9 - a public resolver that blocks by defaultServicesSwiss-based public recursive resolver that refuses to answer for known-malicious domains.
348. 20172017 - presentOrigin:US (United States)DXC Technology - what a merger of service businesses inheritsServicesFormed from two large IT services organisations, and therefore from their contracts.
349. 20172017 - presentOrigin:US (United States)IvantiVendorA 2017 company assembled from forty years of other people's software, and the place two vendors on this site came to rest.
350. 20182018 - presentFocaldataResellerServicesExpert-level Fortinet partner in Brazil.
351. 20182018 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)NV7 Soluções TecnológicasWorked with directlyResellerServicesPublishes its own security policies, which is rarer among security companies than it should be.
352. 20182018 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Q13 - half the revenue is public moneyServicesResellerBrazilian integrator founded 2018, working across cloud, security, networks and collaboration.
353. 20182018 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Sage Networks - mitigation is a network problemServicesBrazilian network engineering firm founded 2018, specialising in denial-of-service defence.
354. 20192019 - presentOrigin:US (United States)Cyble - selling what it also gives awayVendorThreat intelligence company covering dark web monitoring, attack surface management and takedowns.
355. 20192019 - presentOrigin:US (United States)NextDNS - the resolver as a configurable filterServicesPublic resolver where the blocklists, logging and retention are the user's settings.
356. 20212021 - presentOrigin:US (United States)AnthropicVendorFounded by people who left OpenAI over where it was going, and built around the bet that safety research and frontier capability have to happen in the same building.
357. 20212021 - presentOrigin:US (United States)KyndrylServicesThe largest technology spin-off by headcount, and independence was the point rather than the price.
358. 20212021 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)QD7 - the regulation is the way inServicesTrainingSao Paulo cybersecurity consultancy combining monitoring, incident response and awareness training with LGPD work.
359. 20222022 - presentNowCyResellerServicesPartner named for Zscaler in Brazil.
360. 20232023 - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)SEK - a security company assembled by a fundServicesLatin American cybersecurity firm created by Patria Investimentos from NeoSecure and Proteus.
361. 20242024 - presentOrigin:US (United States)LevelBlueServicesVendorAT&T's security services business, spun out in 2024, which bought Trustwave, Cybereason and Aon's cyber consultants inside eighteen months.
362. 20262026 - presentVision Cybersecurity - a customer base sold on its ownServicesThe corporate arm of ISH Tecnologia, acquired by SPX in 2026 and merged with Tempest.
363. - presentOrigin:BR (Brazil)Sisco - Sistemas e ComputadoresVendorBrazilian computer manufacturer of the market-reserve era, closed in 2001.
364. - presentOrigin:US (United States)SpiderLabsServicesTrustwave's research, testing and incident response team, carried under its own name through three owners.