Yvonne Marie Andrés
folcloreredes
Professora californiana que, ao receber em 1984 um computador sem software, escreveu o seu próprio e construiu uma rede de armazenar-e-encaminhar que conectou doze mil escolas antes de a web existir.
Ensinava crianças de baixo rendimento em Oceanside quando a Apple deu a toda escola da Califórnia um computador sem nada dentro. Então ela e Al Rogers, outro professor de San Diego, escreveram o que faltava: primeiro um processador de texto gratuito, depois o FrEdMail - Free Educational Electronic Mail - montado a partir de um programa de BBS que um adolescente escrevera e lhes emprestou. Rodava num Apple IIe e funcionava como a FidoNet e os enlaces africanos de armazenar-e-encaminhar deste catálogo: as crianças escreviam em aula, o trabalho ia para um disquete e, no meio da noite, com a única linha da escola livre e a tarifa mais baixa, a máquina discava para a escola seguinte e passava adiante. Uma história podia levar dias para cruzar o país, mas era barato, e esse era o ponto. Em 1991 a rede ganhou gateway para a NSFNET; no auge, uniu doze mil escolas por trezentos e cinquenta nós. Em 1993 virou a Global SchoolNet, e a Global Schoolhouse de 1992 já pusera alunos de quatro lugares em dois continentes num estudo conjunto de bacia hidrográfica por vídeo de mesa. Escreveu o primeiro guia de internet para professores. O padrão se repete entre os pioneiros - a ferramenta não existia, então quem precisava dela a construiu - com a diferença de que a pessoa era uma professora primária e a rede foi feita de um computador doado, um programa emprestado e a tarifa noturna.
Também conhecido como: andres, global schoolnet, fredmail, global schoolhouse
Fontes
- Her 2017 Internet Hall of Fame induction speech: she began teaching very low-achieving students; in 1984 Apple's Kids Can't Wait programme gave every California school a computer with no software, so she and Al Rogers, another San Diego teacher, wrote a free word processor, FrEdWriter, and then FrEdMail, Free Educational Electronic Mail, which ran on an Apple IIe using store-and-forward: students wrote in class, saved to a floppy, and in the middle of the night, when the school's phone line was free and rates were cheapest, the writing was forwarded to the next location; in 1991 thousands of FrEdMail users gained NSFNET access through gateways at Merit in Michigan and in San Diego; at its peak FrEdMail was used by 12,000 schools with 350 nodes around the globe
- Internet Hall of Fame feature: Rogers found a bulletin-board program written by a teenager, who gave permission to use his code, and from it they built their first email program; messages could take a couple of days to cross the country but were affordable; in 1993 the FrEdMail Foundation became Global SchoolNet and launched the Global Schoolhouse, where schools registered project ideas and were partnered worldwide; International CyberFair, her longest-running project, is a virtual world's fair in which students investigate their own community
- Internet Hall of Fame inductee page: created the non-profit Global SchoolNet in 1984 and the Global Schoolhouse in 1992, connecting youth with scientists, authors and explorers on projects of real-world importance; facilitated the first live streaming television-internet broadcast in 1995; named one of the 25 most influential people in education technology in 2000; began as a teacher and technology mentor in Oceanside, California
- Wikipedia and the Global SchoolNet founders page: the seed was an Apple IIe received in 1983 at Pacific Elementary School, one of 10,000 Apple donated to California schools; the original 1992 Global Schoolhouse project for the NSF brought together students in Tennessee, Virginia, California and England for a watershed pollution study shared over CU-SeeMe desktop videoconferencing; she co-authored TeleSensations in 1988 and wrote CERF'n Safari, the first teacher's guide to the internet