Kategori
Sijil & PKI
Semua alat dan artikel dalam kategori ini, dikumpulkan di satu tempat.
Alat
ACME dns-01 TXT computer
Compute the TXT record for an ACME dns-01 challenge, from the token and account key.
Let's Encrypt rate-limit planner
Plan certificate issuance for a set of hostnames: group them by registered domain and see how they map onto Let's Encrypt's rate limits.
Penyahkod CSR
Nyahkod permintaan menandatangani sijil PKCS#10 untuk membaca subjek, kunci awam, SAN dan sambungan yang diminta, serta atributnya; semuanya dalam pelayar anda.
Penyahkod Sijil X.509
Tampal sijil dalam PEM, base64 atau hex untuk membaca subjeknya, pengeluarnya, tetingkap kesahihannya, kunci awam dan sambungan v3, dengan cap jari SHA-256 dan SHA-1. Berjalan sepenuhnya dalam pelayar anda.
Perancang pembaharuan sijil
Kira kesahihan sijil TLS, sama ada ia mematuhi jadual 47 hari CA/Browser Forum, dan kadar pembaharuan yang berkaitan; semuanya luar talian.
Artikel
Anatomi sesuatu Sijil X.509
Apa yang hidup di dalam sijil TLS, bagaimana bait ASN.1/DER distrukturkan, apa yang sebenarnya dikawal oleh sambungan v3, dan mengapa menyahkod sijil bukan sama dengan mempercayainya.
BacaPEM, DER, dan format fail sijil
Mengapa sijil sama datang dalam begitu banyak bentuk fail, apa sebenarnya PEM dan DER, dan apa yang .crt, .pem, .pfx, dan .p12 benar-benar pegang.
BacaPermintaan tandatangan sijil dan bagaimana sijil dikeluarkan
Apa yang CSR kandungi, mengapa kunci persendirian anda tidak pernah meninggalkan mesin anda, bagaimana CA mengesahkan dan mengeluarkan, dan bagaimana ACME mengautomasikan keseluruhan pertukaran.
BacaBagaimana pengesahan sijil sebenarnya berfungsi
Langkah yang klien jalankan untuk memutuskan sijil boleh dipercayai: membina rantaian, menyemak tandatangan dan tarikh, memadankan nama, dan menguatkuasakan kekangan.
BacaPembatalan sijil: CRL, OCSP, dan sijil berhayat pendek
Mengapa sijil kadangkala perlu dibatalkan sebelum ia luput, mengapa sistem pembatalan klasik berfungsi dengan lemah, dan mengapa industri sebaliknya mengecilkan tempoh hayat sijil.
BacaAuthority Information Access: The OCSP and CA Issuers URLs
The AIA extension carries two kinds of pointer: where to ask whether a certificate is revoked (OCSP) and where to fetch the issuer's own certificate (CA Issuers). What each is for, why they are easy to confuse, and what the inspector shows.
BacaOCSP Must-Staple: Closing the Soft-Fail Gap
Real-time OCSP checking has a fatal weakness: when the responder is unreachable, clients usually proceed anyway. OCSP stapling and the Must-Staple flag are the fix. What the TLS Feature extension declares, and the operational risk it carries.
BacaACME: how certificates issue and renew themselves
How the ACME protocol automates certificate issuance end to end: the account, the order, the three challenge types, the dns-01 record you publish, and the finalize-and-download step that produces the certificate.
BacaThe 47-day era: how TLS certificate lifetimes are shrinking
The CA/Browser Forum's SC-081v3 schedule takes maximum public TLS validity from 398 days down to 47 by 2029, in three steps. What the phases are, why 47, and what it does to renewal volume.
BacaCertificate validity windows: notBefore, notAfter, and renewal lead time
How a certificate's lifetime is defined by two timestamps, how that length is measured against the cap, why validity is not the same as time remaining, and how to choose a renewal lead time.
BacaLet's Encrypt: the free CA and its rate limits
What Let's Encrypt is, why its certificates are short-lived, and how its rate limits actually work: the per-registered-domain and per-account limits, the exact-set and authorization-failure limits, and why ARI renewals are exempt from all of them.
BacaDCV and SII reuse: the validation cadence behind the renewal cadence
Issuing a certificate means proving domain control and, for OV/EV, organization identity. SC-081v3 shrinks how long those proofs can be reused — DCV to 10 days by 2029 — which reshapes renewal as much as validity does.
BacaRenewing before expiry: lead time, ACME, and ARI
Why late renewal causes outages, how ACME automates issuance and renewal, how the ARI extension lets a CA steer the renewal window, and how to pick a lead time that leaves room to retry.
BacaPublic vs private PKI: which certificates SC-081v3 governs
The 47-day schedule binds publicly trusted TLS certificates only. What separates public from private PKI, why internal CAs are exempt, and how to read the planner's compliance verdict for an internal certificate.
Baca