TCP/IP
lorenetworking
Stands for: Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
The two-protocol architecture, split from a single design in the late 1970s, that became the common language of the internet.
Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn described the idea in 1974 as one 'Transmission Control Program'; by 1978 it was cleaved into TCP for reliable ordered delivery and IP for addressing and routing, so applications that did not need reliability could skip it. The pair were finalized as RFC 793 and RFC 791 in September 1981. On January 1, 1983, ARPANET's flag day, every host was required to switch from the older NCP to TCP/IP at once, the moment usually taken as the birth of the modern internet. Its layered, host-responsible design beat the proprietary networks of IBM, DEC, and Xerox precisely because it was open and royalty-free.
Also known as: Internet protocol suite, DoD model