Phil Zimmermann
termcryptographyprivacy
The author of PGP, who released strong encryption free to the public in 1991 and spent three years under US criminal investigation for munitions export because the software left the country.
His defence became a landmark of legal creativity: since exporting a book is protected speech, PGP's source code was published as a printed volume by MIT Press, exported lawfully, and scanned back in abroad. The investigation was dropped in 1996 without charges. Zimmermann's stated motive was never commercial - he built it for activists and for people who should not have to justify wanting a private letter, an argument he has repeated for three decades.
Also known as: pgp author, zimmermann, source code as a book