Merkle tree

term

cryptographyprogramming

A tree of hashes that lets you verify one item belongs to a large set efficiently.

Introduced by Ralph Merkle in 1979, a Merkle tree hashes data in pairs up to a single root, so a small proof can confirm any leaf without rehashing everything. It underpins version control, blockchains, and many integrity systems.

Also known as: merkle-tree, hash tree

Sources

  • Ralph Merkle, 1979

All glossary entries