Deep Blue
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The IBM machine that defeated world chess champion Garry Kasparov in May 1997, the first machine victory over a reigning champion in match play.
Deep Blue won the 1997 rematch 3.5 to 2.5, a year after losing the first match, evaluating around 200 million positions per second with custom chess chips and brute search rather than anything resembling understanding. Kasparov suspected human intervention behind one uncanny move; IBM declined a third match and retired the machine. The victory redrew the line the Turing test had sketched: machines could now beat us at the games we called intelligence.