Hacktivism
termhackingops culture
Hacking as political protest - defacement, leaks, denial of service or circumvention tooling deployed to make a point rather than money. The word was coined by a member of the Cult of the Dead Cow in the mid-1990s.
The lineage runs from the 1989 WANK worm through Anonymous and LulzSec to leak platforms and censorship-circumvention projects. It is the most contested category in the field: identical techniques are protest or crime depending entirely on who is judging, and the collateral damage of a symbolic action often lands on people with no part in the argument.
Also known as: hacktivist, political hacking