Kategori
Certifikater og PKI
Alle værktøjer og artikler i denne kategori, samlet ét sted.
Værktøjer
ACME dns-01 TXT computer
Compute the TXT record for an ACME dns-01 challenge, from the token and account key.
CSR-dekoder
Afkod en PKCS#10-anmodning om certifikatsignering for at læse dens emne, offentlige nøgle, anmodede SAN'er og udvidelser samt attributter; alt sammen i din browser.
Let's Encrypt rate-limit planner
Plan certificate issuance for a set of hostnames: group them by registered domain and see how they map onto Let's Encrypt's rate limits.
Planlægger til fornyelse af certifikater
Beregn et TLS-certifikats gyldighed, om det passer ind i CA/Browser Forums 47-dages tidsplan, og den fornyelseskadence det medfører; alt sammen offline.
X.509-certifikatafkoder
Indsæt et certifikat som PEM, base64 eller hex for at læse dets subjekt, udsteder, gyldighedsvindue, offentlige nøgle og v3-udvidelser, med SHA-256- og SHA-1-fingeraftryk. Kører helt i din browser.
Artikler
Anatomien af et X.509-certifikat
Hvad der lever inde i et TLS-certifikat, hvordan ASN.1/DER-bytene er struktureret, hvad v3-udvidelserne faktisk styrer, og hvorfor at afkode et certifikat ikke er det samme som at stole på det.
LæsPEM, DER og certifikatfilformaterne
Hvorfor det samme certifikat kommer i så mange filformer, hvad PEM og DER faktisk er, og hvad .crt, .pem, .pfx og .p12 virkelig holder.
LæsCertifikatsigneringsanmodninger og hvordan certifikater udstedes
Hvad en CSR indeholder, hvorfor din private nøgle aldrig forlader din maskine, hvordan en CA validerer og udsteder, og hvordan ACME automatiserer hele udvekslingen.
LæsHvordan certifikatvalidering faktisk fungerer
Trinnene en klient kører for at afgøre, at et certifikat er troværdigt: at bygge kæden, kontrollere signaturer og datoer, matche navnet og håndhæve begrænsninger.
LæsCertifikattilbagekaldelse: CRL, OCSP og kortlivede certifikater
Hvorfor et certifikat undertiden skal annulleres før det udløber, hvorfor de klassiske tilbagekaldelsessystemer fungerer dårligt, og hvorfor industrien i stedet skrumper certifikatlevetiderne.
LæsAuthority Information Access: The OCSP and CA Issuers URLs
The AIA extension carries two kinds of pointer: where to ask whether a certificate is revoked (OCSP) and where to fetch the issuer's own certificate (CA Issuers). What each is for, why they are easy to confuse, and what the inspector shows.
LæsOCSP Must-Staple: Closing the Soft-Fail Gap
Real-time OCSP checking has a fatal weakness: when the responder is unreachable, clients usually proceed anyway. OCSP stapling and the Must-Staple flag are the fix. What the TLS Feature extension declares, and the operational risk it carries.
LæsACME: how certificates issue and renew themselves
How the ACME protocol automates certificate issuance end to end: the account, the order, the three challenge types, the dns-01 record you publish, and the finalize-and-download step that produces the certificate.
LæsThe 47-day era: how TLS certificate lifetimes are shrinking
The CA/Browser Forum's SC-081v3 schedule takes maximum public TLS validity from 398 days down to 47 by 2029, in three steps. What the phases are, why 47, and what it does to renewal volume.
LæsCertificate validity windows: notBefore, notAfter, and renewal lead time
How a certificate's lifetime is defined by two timestamps, how that length is measured against the cap, why validity is not the same as time remaining, and how to choose a renewal lead time.
LæsLet's Encrypt: the free CA and its rate limits
What Let's Encrypt is, why its certificates are short-lived, and how its rate limits actually work: the per-registered-domain and per-account limits, the exact-set and authorization-failure limits, and why ARI renewals are exempt from all of them.
LæsDCV and SII reuse: the validation cadence behind the renewal cadence
Issuing a certificate means proving domain control and, for OV/EV, organization identity. SC-081v3 shrinks how long those proofs can be reused — DCV to 10 days by 2029 — which reshapes renewal as much as validity does.
LæsRenewing before expiry: lead time, ACME, and ARI
Why late renewal causes outages, how ACME automates issuance and renewal, how the ARI extension lets a CA steer the renewal window, and how to pick a lead time that leaves room to retry.
LæsPublic vs private PKI: which certificates SC-081v3 governs
The 47-day schedule binds publicly trusted TLS certificates only. What separates public from private PKI, why internal CAs are exempt, and how to read the planner's compliance verdict for an internal certificate.
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