Kategori
Sertifikater og PKI
Alle verktøy og artikler i denne kategorien, samlet på ett sted.
Verktøy
ACME dns-01 TXT computer
Compute the TXT record for an ACME dns-01 challenge, from the token and account key.
CSR-dekoder
Dekod en PKCS#10-forespørsel om sertifikatsignering for å lese emnet, den offentlige nøkkelen, forespurte SAN-er og utvidelser samt attributter; alt i nettleseren.
Let's Encrypt rate-limit planner
Plan certificate issuance for a set of hostnames: group them by registered domain and see how they map onto Let's Encrypt's rate limits.
Planlegger for fornyelse av sertifikater
Beregn gyldigheten til et TLS-sertifikat, om det passer inn i CA/Browser Forums 47-dagers tidsplan, og fornyelseskadensen det medfører; alt offline.
X.509-sertifikatdekoder
Lim inn et sertifikat som PEM, base64 eller hex for å lese subjektet, utstederen, gyldighetsvinduet, den offentlige nøkkelen og v3-utvidelsene, med SHA-256- og SHA-1-fingeravtrykk. Kjører helt i nettleseren din.
Artikler
Anatomien til et X.509-sertifikat
Hva som lever inne i et TLS-sertifikat, hvordan ASN.1/DER-bytene er strukturert, hva v3-utvidelsene faktisk styrer, og hvorfor å avkode et sertifikat ikke er det samme som å stole på det.
LesPEM, DER og certifikatfilformatene
Hvorfor det samme sertifikatet kommer i så mange filformer, hva PEM og DER faktisk er, og hva .crt, .pem, .pfx og .p12 virkelig holder.
LesSertifikatsigneringsforespørsler og hvordan sertifikater utstedes
Hva en CSR inneholder, hvorfor den private nøkkelen din aldri forlater maskinen din, hvordan en CA validerer og utsteder, og hvordan ACME automatiserer hele utvekslingen.
LesHvordan sertifikatvalidering faktisk fungerer
Trinnene en klient kjører for å avgjøre at et sertifikat er troverdig: å bygge kjeden, kontrollere signaturer og datoer, matche navnet og håndheve begrensninger.
LesSertifikattilbakekalling: CRL, OCSP og kortlivde sertifikater
Hvorfor et sertifikat noen ganger må annulleres før det utløper, hvorfor de klassiske tilbakekallingssystemene fungerer dårlig, og hvorfor industrien i stedet krymper sertifikatlevetidene.
LesAuthority Information Access: The OCSP and CA Issuers URLs
The AIA extension carries two kinds of pointer: where to ask whether a certificate is revoked (OCSP) and where to fetch the issuer's own certificate (CA Issuers). What each is for, why they are easy to confuse, and what the inspector shows.
LesOCSP Must-Staple: Closing the Soft-Fail Gap
Real-time OCSP checking has a fatal weakness: when the responder is unreachable, clients usually proceed anyway. OCSP stapling and the Must-Staple flag are the fix. What the TLS Feature extension declares, and the operational risk it carries.
LesACME: how certificates issue and renew themselves
How the ACME protocol automates certificate issuance end to end: the account, the order, the three challenge types, the dns-01 record you publish, and the finalize-and-download step that produces the certificate.
LesThe 47-day era: how TLS certificate lifetimes are shrinking
The CA/Browser Forum's SC-081v3 schedule takes maximum public TLS validity from 398 days down to 47 by 2029, in three steps. What the phases are, why 47, and what it does to renewal volume.
LesCertificate validity windows: notBefore, notAfter, and renewal lead time
How a certificate's lifetime is defined by two timestamps, how that length is measured against the cap, why validity is not the same as time remaining, and how to choose a renewal lead time.
LesLet's Encrypt: the free CA and its rate limits
What Let's Encrypt is, why its certificates are short-lived, and how its rate limits actually work: the per-registered-domain and per-account limits, the exact-set and authorization-failure limits, and why ARI renewals are exempt from all of them.
LesDCV and SII reuse: the validation cadence behind the renewal cadence
Issuing a certificate means proving domain control and, for OV/EV, organization identity. SC-081v3 shrinks how long those proofs can be reused — DCV to 10 days by 2029 — which reshapes renewal as much as validity does.
LesRenewing before expiry: lead time, ACME, and ARI
Why late renewal causes outages, how ACME automates issuance and renewal, how the ARI extension lets a CA steer the renewal window, and how to pick a lead time that leaves room to retry.
LesPublic vs private PKI: which certificates SC-081v3 governs
The 47-day schedule binds publicly trusted TLS certificates only. What separates public from private PKI, why internal CAs are exempt, and how to read the planner's compliance verdict for an internal certificate.
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